One year after President Donald Trump ordered the US to withdraw from the World Health Organization, the process was formally completed Thursday, though the nation is leaving behind unpaid debt of roughly $260 million.
All funding to the health agency has been terminated and people working with the WHO have been recalled from all offices and its headquarters, the Department of Health and Human Services said Thursday. The US has also ended all participation in WHO-sponsored leadership bodies and working groups.
Trump signed the order to withdraw from the WHO on the first day of his second term, accusing it of mishandling the Covid pandemic, failing to adopt reforms and a lack of independence from “inappropriate political influence.”
To leave from the organization, the US must provide a one year notice and pay off any debts owed, according to a 1948 Congressional resolution, which the WHO confirmed. A senior HHS official said on a call with reporters there’s no requirement in statute to settle the debt before exiting the agency.
The debt totals about $260 million as calculated by the WHO in January 2025.
“It’s a very messy divorce,” said Lawrence Gostin, director of the WHO collaborating center on national and global health law at Georgetown University.
The withdrawal notice left the health organization without its top donor. Between 2022 and 2023, the US contributed nearly $1.3 billion to the WHO. Without the money, the agency’s work to contain diseases like HIV, polio and Ebola are at risk.
“Withdrawing from the World Health Organization is scientifically reckless,” said Ronald Nahass, president of the Infections Disease Society of America. Without the organization’s influenza response and data tracking, the US will be less prepared to match future vaccines to circulating strains, he said.
The WHO’s biannual flu vaccine meeting is set to take place in February. A senior HHS official said there are ongoing conversations to determine the US involvement in the discussions.
After Trump signed the executive order, the European Union urged the US to reconsider and called on members to reinforce their commitments. The WHO has 193 other member states. Argentina has also announced its intent to leave the organization.
The WHO is set to discuss legal options for the US debt at its upcoming assembly meeting in May. But there’s no enforcement power at the WHO’s disposal, Gostin said. The organization could claim the US is still a member — albeit an inactive one — with its outstanding bill.
